است که علامت موقت آن Uup ، و عدد اتمی آن 115 می‌باشد.

تاریخچه

در اول فوریه 2004 میلادی ، سنتز یونونپتیوم و یونونتریوم توسط گروهی متشکل از دانشمندان روسی دانشگاه دوبنا ، بنیاد مشترک تحقیقات هسته‌ای (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research) و دانشمندان آمریکائی
آزمایشگاه ملی لارنس لیورمور (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) ، در مجله فیزیکی Physical Review گزارش شد. کشف آنها هنوز در انتظار تائید است.

گروه گزارش داد که آنها آمرکیوم (عنصر 95) را با کلسیم (عنصر 20) ، برای تولید چهار اتم یونون نپتیوم بمباران کرده‌اند. آنها گزارش داده‌اند که این اتمها ، در کسری از ثانیه دچار فروپاشی شده و به یونونتریوم (عنصر 113) تبدیل شده‌اند. سپس یونونتریوم تولیدی ، پیش از فروپاشی و تبدیل به عناصر شناخته شده ، 1.2 ثانیه عمر کرد.

نامگذاری

نام یونون نپتیوم به‌عنوان یک جا نگه دار ،چنان که در مقالات علمی درباره جستجوی عنصر 115 بکار می‌رود، روش یونانی لاتین برای گفتن یک-یک-پنج-ایوم (ایوم یک پسوند استاندارد برای نام عناصر است) می‌باشد. چنین عناصر فرا اورانیومی ، همیشه به روش مصنوعی ساخته می‌شوند و معمولا در آخر به نام یک دانشمند نام‌گذاری می‌شوند.

خصوصیات پیش‌بینی شده
نام , علامت اختصاری , شماره	Ununpentium, Uup, 115
گروه‌های شیمیایی	شاید فلز ضعیف
گروه , دوره , بلوک	15, 7 , p
رنگ	ناشناخته , احتمالا یک فلز و سفید نقره‌ای یا تیره
وزن اتمی	288 amu (یک حدس)
ساختار الکترونی	Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s27p3] (یک حدس بر پایه بیسموت)
-e بازای هر سطح انرژی	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 5
حالت ماده	احتمالا یک جامد

Discovery profile

On February 2, 2004, synthesis of ununpentium was reported in Physical Review C by a team composed of Russian scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, and American scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.^[1][2] The team reported that they bombarded americium-243 with calcium-48 ions to produce four atoms of ununpentium. These atoms, they report, decayed by emission of alpha-particles to ununtrium in approximately 100 milliseconds.

The Dubna-Livermore collaboration has strengthened their claim for the discovery of ununpentium by conducting chemical experiments on the decay daughter ²⁶⁸Db. In experiments in June 2004 and December 2005, the Dubnium isotope was successfully identified by milking the Db fraction and measuring any SF activities.^[3][4] Both the half-life and decay mode were confirmed for the proposed ²⁶⁸Db which lends support to the assignment of Z=115 to the parent nuclei.

Theoretical calculation in a quantum tunneling model supports the experimental alpha decay half-lives.^[5]

The element with Z=115 is historically known as eka-bismuth. Ununpentium (Uup) is a temporary IUPACsystematic element name. Research scientists usually refer to the element simply as element 115 (E115).

Claims to the discovery of element 115 have been put forward by Dmitriev of the Dubna team. The Joint Working Party will decide to whom the right to suggest a name will be given. The IUPAC have the final say on the official adoption of a name. The table below gives the names that the teams above have suggested and which can be verified by press interviews.

According to IUPAC rules, names used for previous elements that have ultimately not been adopted are not allowed to be proposed for future use. The table below summarises those names which are probably not allowed to be proposed by the claimant laboratories under the rules.

 Electronic structure

Ununpentium has 6 full shells, 7s+5p+4d+2f=18 full subshells, and 115 orbitals:

Bohr model: 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 5

Quantum mechanical model: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰ 4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p⁶6s²4f¹⁴5d¹⁰ 6p⁶7s²5f¹⁴6d¹⁰7p³

] Extrapolated chemical properties of eka-bismuth

Element 115 is projected to be the third member of the 7p series of non-metals and the heaviest member of group 15 (VA) in the Periodic Table, below bismuth. In this group, each member is known to portray the group oxidation state of +V but with differing stability. For nitrogen, the +V state is very difficult to achieve due to the lack of low-lying d-orbitals and the inability of the small nitrogen atom to accommodate five ligands. The +V state is well represented for phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony. However, for bismuth it is rare due to the reluctance of the 6s² electron to participate in bonding. This effect is known as the "inert pair effect" and is commonly linked to relativistic stabilisation of the 6s-orbitals. It is expected that element 115 will continue this trend and portray only +III and +I oxidation states. Nitrogen(I) and bismuth(I) are known but rare and Uup(I) is likely to show some unique properties.^[6]. B.L. Johnson supposes ununpentium to be dark metallic.

It is expected that the chemistry of ununpentium will be related to its lighter homologuebismuth. In this regard it is expected to undergo oxidation only as far as the trioxide Uup₂O₃. Oxidation with the more reactive halogens should form the trihalides, such as UupF₃ and UupCl3. The less-oxidising, heavier halogens, may well only be able to promote the formation of the monohalides, UupBr and UupI.

[] History of synthesis of isotopes by hot fusion

[] ²³⁸U(⁵¹V,xn)^289-xUup

There are strong indications that this reaction was performed in late 2004 as part of a uranium(IV) fluoride target test at the GSI. No reports have been published suggesting that no products atoms were detected, as anticipated by the team.^[7]

[ ²⁴³Am(⁴⁸Ca,xn)^291-xUup (x=3,4)

This reaction was first performed by the team in Dubna in July-August 2003. In two separate runs they were able to detect 3 atoms of ²⁸⁸Uup and a single atom of ²⁸⁷Uup. The reaction was studied further in June 2004 in an attempt to isolate the descendant ²⁶⁸Db from the ²⁸⁸Uup decay chain. After chemical separation of a +4/+5 fraction, 15 SF decays were measured with a lifetime consistent with ²⁶⁸Db. In order to prove that the decays were from dubnium-268, the team repeated the reaction in August 2005 and separated the +4 and +5 fractions and further separated the +5 fractions into tantalum-like and niobium-like ones. Five SF activities were observed, all occurring in the +5 fractions and none in the tantalum-like fractions, proving that the product was indeed isotopes of dubnium.

[] Chronology of isotope discovery

[] Yields of isotopes

The table below provides cross-sections and excitation energies for hot fusion reactions producing ununpentium isotopes directly. Data in bold represent maxima derived from excitation function measurements. + represents an observed exit channel.

[] Future experiments

The team at RIKEN are planning to study the reaction

As a primary next-goal for the Dubna team, they are planning to examine to products of the ²⁴³Am + ⁴⁸Ca using mass spectrometry in their state-of-the-art MASHA machine. They will attempt to isolate the dubnium products, convert them chemically into a volatile compound, most likely ²⁶⁸DbCl₅, and measure the mass directly.

115 ununquadium ← ununpentium → ununhexium Bi ↑ Uup ↓ (Uhp) Periodic Table - Extended Periodic Table
General
Name, Symbol, Number	ununpentium, Uup, 115
Element category	presumably poor metals
Group, Period, Block	15, 7, p
Standard atomic weight	[288] g·mol-1
Electron configuration	perhaps [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p3 (guess based on bismuth)
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 5
CAS registry number	54085-64-2
Most-stable isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of ununpentium iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 288Uup syn 87.5 ms α 10.46 284Uut 287Uup syn 32 ms α 10.59 283Uut
References

Bob Lazar stated that the "Sport Model" Flying Disc amplified the "Strong Nuclear Force" of Element 115 (UnUnPentium or UUP) to generate the gravity field for "Space-Time Compression."  Bob also stated that the U.S. Government had 500 pounds of Element 115 in their possession.  The raw Element 115 was given to the U.S. Goverment at S4 by the Reticulan EBEs in the form of discs.  The scientists at S4 sent the Element 115 discs through Groom Lake to Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, to be milled for use in the Anti-Matter Reactor.  The Los Alamos personnel were told it was a new form of armor.  They simply followed orders, milled it in accordance with the following steps, and sent it back to Groom Lake.  It was during this process that some of the Element 115 turned up missing.  As you'll see below, the machining process to form the Element 115 wedge produces a tremendous amount of waste.
Bob Lazar stated that the Element 115 used as the fuel and gravity source in the "Sport Model" Flying Disc was stable.  On February 2, 2004, scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in collaboration with researchers from the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Russia (JINR), announced that they discovered two new super-heavy elements, Element 113 and Element 115.  The Isotope of Element 115, produced by bombarding an Americium-243 (95Am243) nucleus with a Calcium-48 (20Ca48) nucleus, rapidly decayed to Element 113. then continued to decay until a meta-stable isotope was obtained. The following hypothetical reaction displays the maximum theoretical atomic mass of an Element 115 Isotope that could be produced from combining an Americium-243 nucleus with a Calcium-48 nucleus.  The following reaction assumes no neutrons were liberated during the process of the reaction: 95Am243 + 20Ca48 → 115UUP291 → 113UUT287 + 2He4 → ... The following reactions are the actual reactions that took place in the laboratory by bombarding Americium-243 with Calcium-48, which resulted in the two Isotopes of Element 115, indicated below, being identified.   95Am243 + 20Ca48 → 115UUP288 + 30n1      115UUP288 → 113UUT284 + 2He4 →  ... 95Am243 + 20Ca48 → 115UUP287 + 40n1      115UUP287 → 113UUT283 + 2He4 →  ...